BBC exaggerated climate change in David Attenborough's Africa | Leo Hickman

David Attenborough says in the BBC series on the African continent has warmed 3.5c in the last 20 years

Natural History Unit of the BBC in Bristol is rightly respected worldwide. Nobody else can match the professionalism, vision and epic majesty of its programs, attracting wildlife around the world. For those looking for a reason to justify the BBC license, look no further than the production unit.

His last series - Africa - have concluded this week on TF1. The last episode was devoted to an examination of how the fauna of the continent was a "crucial moment in its history." Sir David Attenborough, the host and narrator of the series, told viewers that the pressures many endangered species now face when they come into conflict with the needs of local human populations. has also devoted a section of program challenges of climate change.

But it is in this section, which - as a meerkat sensing danger - my ears pricked. Unlike images of elephants walking on Mount Kilimanjaro, Attenborough said:

African climate is changing. Parts of the continent became hotter 3.5c in the last 20 years.

(for UK viewers based, here's a direct link to the event on the BBC iPlayer. Link expires Sunday, February 17.)

I had never heard this statement before stopping. If the rate of temperature increase has continued during, say, a hundred, then those parts of Africa 17.5C increase mortals! Can claim to be true?

I also noticed that some people on Twitter asking the same question. The next morning I called the press office of the BBC and asked where this information on a 3.5c increase in temperature over 20 years came.

told me it was a report published in 2006 by the "Working Group on Climate Change." The title of the report was "Africa - Up in Smoke 2: The second report on Africa and global warming from the Working Group on Climate Change and Development "and was" written and compiled "by Oxfam and the New Economics Foundation, with the support of a wide range of environmental NGOs and development, such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, WWF, CAFOD and the Institute of Development Studies.

Page
5 contained the relevant passage (pdf)

The maximum temperature in Kericho, a mountainous region in the Rift Valley province, where most of Kenya's tea exports are grown, increased by 3.5 ? C in the last 20 years. In Lamu, on the northern coast of Kenya near Somalia to the east, the maximum temperature has increased by more than 3 ? C since the 1940s.11 Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom indicates that the temperature increases in many parts of Africa is twice the world average.

Notes

said 3.5c application was taken from a report by Christian Aid, also published in 2006, entitled The Climate of Poverty. On page 30 of the report (pdf), which says:

The speed at which glaciers are melting shows that Kenya warms. This is confirmed by field measurements. For example, the maximum temperature in Kericho, a mountainous region in the Rift Valley province, where most of Kenya's tea exports are grown, increased by 3.5 ? C over the last 20 years. In Lamu, Kenya, Somalia, north-east near the coast, the maximum temperature has increased by more than 3 ? C since 1940.

again, I looked at the notes to see where this statement comes. But you just said: "The conversation with the authors, February 2006." It is not clear that the authors had spoken with. (I'm still trying to get the co-author who wrote this paragraph.) Any party to this application, the authors quote Professor Eric Odada University of Nairobi, Kenya Meteorological Department and Peter Ambenje. I sent both for their help in cleaning, but have not heard any of them. (If I do, I'll add your message to the message.)

But I was curious why Attenborough would have used dark is something deeply buried in a report by an NGO in 2006 and make a statement that the arrest of a primetime BBC program Natural History 2013. Strange and dependence on the source report the term "high temperature" instead of the more normal (and understandable) "mean temperatures"

So I went to the press office of the BBC and asked if the production team or Attenborough himself, had double-checked and verified before issuing this statement. I also asked if the story was written and researched by someone else read Attenborough then leave, or if he himself had done.

few hours later, after talking to the production team of the program, sent me this statement:

is widely recognized within the scientific community that the climate of Africa has changed. Producers of the show have used a number of sources and statistics to illustrate this point, in this case from a report prepared by the Working Group on Climate Change and Development and supported by the data published by NASA.

press office sent me this research NASA has confirmed that the program was conducted by the "production" and not David Attenborough himself.

• Nasa
• But the link also perplexing. It is entitled "Science Briefs:. Global warming is changing life on a global scale by Cynthia Rosenzweig - December 2008 "
• Again, why the BBC article based on a somewhat obscure NASA and published in 2008? Why not use the latest scientific data?

The article itself provides a world map (pdf) showing regional changes in temperature. For Africa, it shows regional increases in temperature - not significantly Kenya, has to say - but the information is very basic and vague. He says he uses "linear trends of air temperature surface (HadCRUT3) between 1970 and 2004."

Anyway, this is not the "20 years" period mentioned in the narration Attenborough. But, however, I asked the Climate Research Unit of East Anglia University - who with the Met Office Hadley Centre, keep HadCRUT3 dataset (since upgraded to HadCRUT4) -. By his own vision of this particular claim

received this response from Dr. Tim Osborn:
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Ice Age Art at the British Museum: 'Not even Leonardo surpassed this'

British Museum art show Ice Age is full of wonders and mysteries. But showing them with modern works really shed light on these ancient masterpieces?

am looking for a woman with soft breasts, hips and faces without eyes wide. Your body is profoundly alien - disturbing in its total lack of what the modern world considers desirable. Nearby, the British Museum has installed two naked Matisse, one of many in this exhibition attempts to draw a parallel between the first and the art of our time. But this comparison only adds to the anxiety. To put it in language no archaeologist is likely to use:. Curves of a woman are sexy Matisse, projections and blanknesses these bare carved ivory in central Europe 30,000 years ago, are not

Then, something catches my eye: a bison sculpture, created 21,000 years ago. This is so true, so alive, I can almost hear him breathing and seal. It has the same magical presence, exciting realism itself, as I have also seen paintings, dating from the Ice Age: the images of mammoths, horses and bison. So why the artists chose to represent human beings with abstraction so strange? This is one of the mysteries that make this show so strange and intoxicating.

Ice Age Art is subtitled arrival of the modern mind. His thesis is that 40,000 years ago, when humans migrated out of Africa in a relatively temperate Europe, and were captured after thousands of years amid freezing temperatures and large hairy beasts of last frost, something miraculous happened. Art appeared: as sophisticated, it is shown that if cognitive abilities we today have evolved completely tens of thousands of years (the works here were made between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago). Only a mind of modern man, they said, could create a masterpiece that bison Zaraysk (name of city, near Moscow, where it was discovered). But this show is not only an encounter with modern minds first. It also reveals how these spirits were singular and mysterious. Why make art? Why numbers to resemble animals and women?

Art

first created in Europe laptops included works such as sculptures and engravings on this program, paints, which obviously have to stay. This gives the Conservatives a difficult task: how to display the first and last, while avoiding convey a sense of exposure to dust archeology. One solution is to juxtapose ancient ivory carvings of modernist works like a Henry Moore sculpture and drawing Mondrian. This is mistaken. The work of 20th century avant-garde echo ice - not to mention African masks, statues Oceania - because artists such as Picasso chose to imitate what their mind freed Western realism. These couples tells us nothing about the Ice Age and are a source of distraction.

The first exhibition here is a sculpture of a woman, carved ivory bulbous symmetry summary about 23,000 years. It was found in the cave Lespugue Curtains, France, in the foothills of the Pyrenees. Known Lespugue Venus Picasso was fascinated, and his two replicas can be seen in a photo next to this exquisite sculpture. But what that Picasso loved what it reveals art of carving ice age? As the use of African masks tells companies that produced them. It feels like I liked: the presence of modern art assures us that we are looking for a fresh and current exposure - not just some intellectual depth in the old bundle. God forbid they should ask themselves to think outside of our cultural bubble.

• Unlike Matisse, Moore, Picasso and Mondrian, the creators of Ice Age art belonged to a world where people hunted for survival, but depicts animals that have disappeared, and they lived in a world no cities, writing and agriculture. These Ice Age humans could be biologically like us, but had ideas can only guess. Women who carved ivory, and even molded the clay in the valley of the Danube, are quite enigmatic. Maybe fertility goddesses? This question simply reflects the fact that it is difficult to associate after erotic nude images. I do not even know if they were carved by men or women, there is no proof. There is no reason to believe that the first artists were women. These figures may be emblems of matriarchal power

small human faces appear in this show are "the oldest portrait of a woman," as the title of a small art gallery in the Czech Republic made 26,000 years. Woman disfigured eye suggests it is an individual portrait, drawn from life. But the probability seems to be an exception: the human body in this exhibition are highly abstract, while the animals are accurately represented Gobsmacking - from drawings of reindeer lions carved in ivory. Although humans have done better than anyone - not even Leonardo - overcame these portraits of animals from the cold. The first cave paintings discovered in the 19th century, were rejected as false: it seemed too good to be the work of "savages." Today, dating techniques have silenced doubts.

So what we do works that fuse animals and humans? The oldest object here is the Lion Man a. Carve reconstructed from fragments found in the cave Stadel in the German Alps nearly 40,000 years, the human figure with lion head stands, smoking dreams, terrorists, magic rituals and myths. It makes me think Egyptian gods with animal heads, with its air of supernatural. Meanwhile, a video installation explores the world of intelligent man Leon. In a dark room, images of caves of Pech Merle and Chauvet flash through the rock like surfaces, hesitantly, as if the light of the fire in which these paintings were first seen. The effect is exciting, a great improvement on the pictures:. We see herds of horses, pictures of lions, as if we were in the caves

In the next room, which intensifies the feeling of idolatry. The sculpted head of a musk ox trades shade, surrounded by stone reliefs of galloping horses, it's like a cult image. What is the real star ice age animals art? This may be because this art reflects a long-lost religious belief he saw animals as supernatural beings, divine beings, gods. The first artists did not depict horses, but the spirits of horses. It seems very plausible, as South Africa archaeologist David Lewis-Williams argues in his book The Ghost in the cave, these artists were shamans who have worked in a trance.

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England v Brazil – live webchat with Barney Ronay

Barney Ronay was available to answer your questions about England's friendly against Brazil at Wembley

1:18 p.m. Thanks for all your comments and questions. Barney has signed to be ready for the game.

Lots to read on the website of football today. We have a list of the top 50 scorers in the history of the great game of football as well as several articles on the game tonight. Danny Taylor ahead England v Brazil and Paul Doyle looked forward to other games tonight, including Spain v Uruguay, France and the Netherlands, Germany, Italy vv. We also Jonathan Wilson in the semi-finals of the African Cup of Nations.

1:09 p.m. Tom641

suggests: "

do you think Hodgson will begin Baines as a midfielder on the left and Cole on the left side? Does this work?

answers Barney: No, it would be a disaster and everyone called for it to be rejected. And it would be his fault.

1:07 p.m. Lankeymarlon

said: "

England will be fucked. Brazil is full of world class players, just because you have not heard of them does not mean they are not good players. Britain has a short memory complaint terrible.'s the team and its supporters abroad is unbearable.

answers Barney: Maybe just take a deep breath and think of a meadow with beautiful flowers and herbs inside. Bake bread. Listen to music techno deep Amazon jungle. Perhaps then, very slowly, of course, the pain will disappear.

1:04 p.m. Tiresias42

question: "

Do you think Rooney has significantly underperformed abroad for a long time and was never able to be as influential as it can be at the club? Does it make sense out of patience with him or has been misused by administrators England? I used to assume that it is never in the space to the right for England.

answers Barney: I think your problem is that if you have not seem to play "with" any other England player in particular. Owen was Beckham. Lineker Beardsley had and so on. Rooney always seems to play a different game. And against good teams that have marked out of it, because nobody else up there is a threat. I was frustrated with him because he is a very nice player. And curiously for all this will be very close to the old record of goals.

24:59 Kennym

said: "

the lack of an online discussion with Ewan Murray, I will turn it and ask how Scotland thinks Wee Gordon continue command.

answers Barney: They are an average team, but may be too poorly achievea little more than getting a little because everyone feels a little happier. I think he will win a WC qualifier later this year and have a good chance in the tournament. I am told that there are decent fitballers high on the place that comes through. With an expanded tournament Strachan has a chance very good at it. I love to go to Scotland for tournaments again. have been missed.

24:55 JoshOwl

question: "

range from Steven Gerrard and the opposite style of play short passes and silky favored by Walcott, Wilshere and company. Gerrard may have an impact on a team whose players use a different philosophy of football for their clubs

answers Barney: If ... Walcott silky. That's what they call it. Occasionally an excellent long pass from Gerrard is undoubtedly well placed to take advantage of Theo. In fact, this question is a bit silly. Have you seen Liverpool play under Brendan Rodgers? Some say a bit too short and silky.

24:52 Magnusson

said: "

Roy Hodgson has been a pioneer of long ball tactics. During nearly 30 years held an almost religious belief in the matter. When he returned to England, feared the worst. Nevertheless, in the post-Euros, a shown a willingness to go beyond his favorite 4-4-2 and explore ideas more modern tactics based on the pressure and possession. spoke in detail about his ambitions tactics to the press in England. If yes, what are

answers Barney: Re exaggerate it. Hodgson took the training that was available in England and successfully exported less organized leagues. But he is not stupid and he saw foreign players more talented than you or me, and he knows that the game is played differently. It does not meet Andy Carroll because he wants England to play differently, so give the poor a break. I think he would play as Germany in its "racing game" mode, where the attack speed (and horizontally) with fast and athletic players in key positions and defend as a team. If England can do is nothing.

24:48 cryogenic

question: "

Hopefully, Big Phil did a great coach England? would have Cole and Johnson bombing forward at every attempt, leaving large gaps or fired head forward and was snipe with the English press?

answers Barney: would have been interesting is not it? Basically, Capello got nothing. One or two nice screens qualifications - High against Croatia. But he was not interested in developing in all tournaments and England were below it - and certainly good medium - level. I think Scolari would have been more fun. I think it would have been a more natural international manager. And he loves his offensive players. I wish I had those years with him, if only for the weirdness warranty. And prayer meetings of the team.

24:45 SamtheEagle90

question: "

Do you expect to see a gradual evolution towards a more offensive line-up - maybe tonight - before the World Cup in doubt, the press and the fans will lose patience if Hodgson continues to replicate negativity shows as seen in the Euro

answers Barney: Hodgson spoke of his model for an England player: Rhythm, youth and athleticism seem to be the main things. He saw the pain in the second half finishing the Euro and wants more vim. England can not simply defend the victory. So let's see anyway. The players are here for? Probably not ...

24:42

Stronzito question: "

Neymar says England has a winning goal. Would you say this was thundering bad? may be wrong, but I think Rooney scored once for England in a major tournament since 2004.

answers Barney:

Yeah right. I guess Rooney scored the goal against Ukraine in the summer (two meters). But let me tell you this. When he was 21 years old, Rooney had done much more than Neymar is now in his hat-trick against China, their goals, eight of nine this year in a friendly against teams like China. No doubt this is a great talent. But there are still 21 years old, Wayne Rooney.

24:39

Peppernaul question: " What

is more likely: a "realistic" and performance in the world to the point of one or two people unhappy in England established to blame, or a "result" and having to listen to Steven Gerrard and Wayne Rooney call each other players "world class" (new)

answers Barney:

I think it will be a good match, very lively. Brazil is changing a bit. There will be several stages that players come and go, but not a drop of intensity is an important time for both. And I do not want to hear one more world class. In this time of world class limits is Real Madrid v Barcelona and some other guy also. The rest of them are just other.

24:36

MrMondypops

question: "

to of England is expected to line up in a 4-4-2 with two rows of four
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Boys and science: The gender gap and how to maintain it | Dean Burnett

A recent article on this website focused on how girls outperform boys in science, excluding the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, and even suggested a " interesting "ideas on how to encourage girls to do better in science. In the spirit of gender equality, here are some suggestions like doing the same thing with children

A recent article in The Guardian said that a study showed that although girls outperform boys in science, in most countries, this is not the case of the United Kingdom ( and the United States and Canada). I only briefly on why this may be the case, but most of the article is devoted to suggest methods for encouraging girls to understand the science. These suggestions are at best "questionable" at worst "nonsense absurd and offensive that apparently stems from some parallel dimension where the last 60 years never happened." It is one of the two.

But obviously, it is important to encourage young people to take too much science. Not all parents have a daughter, and in spite of the gender gap, science needs everyone can get to progress. Thus, in a spirit of equality, fairness and balance, here are some similar suggestions to improve the chances of your child being a successful young scientist.

emphasize that we live in a cruel world, random

believes that children are more logical than girls. There is evidence to suggest that it really is a stereotype perpetuated on the basis of parental attitudes. This clearly means that you as a parent can affect a child's ability to think logically only to interact with them. So take advantage of this fact by saying your child from cold, hard logic of the world on a regular basis. Instead of a bedtime story, try to list the number of deaths from virulent diseases or current senseless wars. When you lose a tooth, instead of invoking the tooth fairy, explain that it is the result of the decomposition of the body, which inevitably lead to the cold embrace of death. An incessant barrage of cold data undoubtedly encourage your child to embrace the rational and scientific thought in order to get a chance to avoid the dark horror of the universe.

Use the right brain

The original article highlights how girls use the left side, centered on the language of the brain. Then, of course, children should use the right side. This is the side that is dedicated to the recognition of faces (among other things). Exploit this fact by having a variety of familiar faces go home and tell your child a scientific fact or theory looking straight into his eyes. If you can afford to hire a TV star loves to get them to join in.

Boys are less sensitive to color

Girls are apparently more sensitive to color, although the color seems largely processed by the right hemisphere? (See above). Anyway, this means that children do not care about the color. Therefore, avoid being distracted by insignificant differences Sciences wavelength of the visible spectrum photons spray paint all their toys and black or gray, monochrome or anything. Children inevitably focus on the interesting elements of the science they are raised in a gentle, non-stimulating environment.

Using interest macho sport

may be a clich?, but studies have suggested that men tend to be more active in sports than women. If your child is interested in sports, then you can use it to stimulate interest in science. While watching a sporting event in particular random email to develop the scientific components of the game, for example, what is the trajectory of the ball after the shot? How much force that had cricket bat speed limit based on the approximate weight of a cricket ball? Judging by the damage, which is the period during which the player will probably arrive at the hospital and what therapies will be used to replace the leg?

further encourage this behavior with social reinforcement. Bring your child to a football game or other sporting event live, so that you can impress the hardcore fans of his detailed analysis of the game. They really appreciate it.

Comics may be too scientific

As above, children tend to be fond of comics. Use a similar strategy with them to get interested in science. When you're a comic, they say they can not read the next page until you have highlighted all the scientific inaccuracies and impossibilities of today, for example, Flash moves at a speed that would make a human body to burn because air friction. Did they show their work by writing directly on the page.

more to the teaching of science, there is a possibility that they will be so outraged by the injustice of his conduct, which eventually became an activist masked themselves as Batman. Everyone loves Batman, and he is a scientist.

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US military suffering 'suicide epidemic'

last year duty soldiers committed suicide more active than were killed in combat. And after a decade of deployments in war zones, the Pentagon is preparing to make things worse

Libby

Busbee is almost certain that his son had never read or participated in Macbeth by William Shakespeare, but acted as if he had. Shortly after his return from his last tour of Afghanistan began to rub his hands over and over again and always rinse under the tap.

"Mom, will not wash," he said.

"What are you talking about?" she replied.

"Blood. Not going to go."

On 20 March last year, the soldier who tries to self-cleaning came to a sudden end. That night, he locked himself in his car with his mother and two sisters cried a few meters and SWAT officers surrounding the vehicle, was shot in the head.

At the age of 23 years, William Busbee had joined a frightening statistic. In 2012, for the first time in at least a generation, the number of active duty soldiers who committed suicide, 177, 176 higher than died while in the war zone. In other words, most of the soldiers serving in the U.S. killed with his own hands in pursuit of the enemy.

In all branches of the U.S. military and reserves, a similar trend was recorded troubling. In total, 349 members of the armed forces committed suicide in 2012, while a smaller number, 295 died in battle.

Shocking though these figures are, they are nothing compared to the statistics that technically belongs Busbee. He retired from the army, two months before his death, if death is officially recorded as a veteran - one of the few former soldiers vertiginous 6500 committed suicide in 2012, roughly equivalent to all 80 minutes

"I wanted to be somebody, and he loved the army

Busbee

story, as told by his mother to the Guardian, illuminates crucial aspects of an epidemic that seems to be gaining ground in the U.S. Army, the alarm spread as it grows. It embodies the despair felt by a growing number of serving and retired, and the inability of the military to address their plight.

It is not, however, how the story of William Busbee started. He was in many ways the archetypal American soldier. From the age of six, had only one ambition. To enlist in the army, what he did when he was 17 years

"It was not the normal teenager who came to party," said Libby Busbee. "I wanted to be somebody. He had his mindset on what he wanted, and he loved the army. Could not be more proud of him. "

Once enrolled, was sent to three different trips to Afghanistan. It was the fulfillment of their dreams, but it came at a high price. He came under attack several times, and in a particularly serious incident committed a blow to the head causing a concussion. His body was riddled with bullets so that each time I walk through a screen of airport security would sound the alarm.

environmental costs are also high. Whenever he returned from Afghanistan. From roads or R & R, beat his mother as a little nervous, a little further away. She rarely left the house and looked uncomfortable among civilians. "I think he felt he had no place here," he said.

times Busbee Libby was driving his car when a train near hear his whistle. He was so startled by the noise, he jumped out of the vehicle, leaving crashing on the sidewalk. After that, he never took more than a few tens of meters.

Nights were the worst. He confessed to having nightmares and fear of the dark, so Libby swear not to tell anyone. Then he took to sleeping in a closet with a military sleeping bag hidden inside the small space to recreate the conditions of the deployment. "I think that made him feel more comfortable," says his mother.

After a special evening filled, Libby woke up and discovered that he had cut his face with a knife. From time to time, it alludes to painful events that led to such extreme behavior: it was time for another soldier, aged 18, died at his side, and once he had killed

William told his mother ". You hate me if you knew what I was doing there, "

"I do not hate you." Re The same person you've always been, "she said.

• "No, Mom," he replied. "The beloved son died there."
• Soldiers
• psychological damage

For

William Nash, a former Navy psychiatrist who led combat stress Marine Corps control program, William Busbee expressions of torment are very familiar. He has worked with hundreds of members of armed forces who have been struggling with suicidal thoughts, at least not when he was sent to Fallujah in Iraq at the height of the war in 2004.

He and his colleagues in military psychiatry have developed the concept of "moral damage" to help understand the current wave of mutilation. Which is defined as "damage to their beliefs about good and evil could be caused by anything done or not done, or something you do for you. - But anyway it breaks the sense of moral certainty. "

Find best price for : --Phillip----DODSER----Nash----Libby----American----Guardian----William----Busbee--

US military struggling to stop suicide epidemic among war veterans

last year duty soldiers committed suicide more active than were killed in combat. And after a decade of deployments in war zones, the Pentagon is preparing to make things worse

Libby

Busbee is almost certain that his son had never read or participated in Macbeth by William Shakespeare, but acted as if he had. Shortly after his return from his last tour of Afghanistan began to rub his hands over and over again and always rinse under the tap.

"Mom, will not wash," he said.

"What are you talking about?" she replied.

"Blood. Not going to go."

On 20 March last year, the soldier who tries to self-cleaning came to a sudden end. That night, he locked himself in his car with his mother and two sisters cried a few meters and SWAT officers surrounding the vehicle, was shot in the head.

At the age of 23 years, William Busbee had joined a frightening statistic. In 2012, for the first time in at least a generation, the number of active duty soldiers who committed suicide, 177, 176 higher than died while in the war zone. In other words, most of the soldiers serving in the U.S. killed with his own hands in pursuit of the enemy.

In all branches of the U.S. military and reserves, a similar trend was recorded troubling. In total, 349 members of the armed forces committed suicide in 2012, while a smaller number, 295 died in battle.

Shocking though these figures are, they are nothing compared to the statistics that technically belongs Busbee. He retired from the army, two months before his death, if death is officially recorded as a veteran - one of the few former soldiers vertiginous 6500 committed suicide in 2012, roughly equivalent to all 80 minutes

"I wanted to be somebody, and he loved the army

Busbee

story, as told by his mother to the Guardian, illuminates crucial aspects of an epidemic that seems to be gaining ground in the U.S. Army, the alarm spread as it grows. It embodies the despair felt by a growing number of serving and retired, and the inability of the military to address their plight.

It is not, however, how the story of William Busbee started. He was in many ways the archetypal American soldier. From the age of six, had only one ambition. To enlist in the army, what he did when he was 17 years

"It was not the normal teenager who came to party," said Libby Busbee. "I wanted to be somebody. He had his mindset on what he wanted, and he loved the army. Could not be more proud of him. "

Once enrolled, was sent to three different trips to Afghanistan. It was the fulfillment of their dreams, but it came at a high price. He came under attack several times, and in a particularly serious incident committed a blow to the head causing a concussion. His body was riddled with bullets so that each time I walk through a screen of airport security would sound the alarm.

environmental costs are also high. Whenever he returned from Afghanistan. From roads or R & R, beat his mother as a little nervous, a little further away. She rarely left the house and looked uncomfortable among civilians. "I think he felt he had no place here," he said.

times Busbee Libby was driving his car when a train near hear his whistle. He was so startled by the noise, he jumped out of the vehicle, leaving crashing on the sidewalk. After that, he never took more than a few tens of meters.

Nights were the worst. He confessed to having nightmares and fear of the dark, so Libby swear not to tell anyone. Then he took to sleeping in a closet with a military sleeping bag hidden inside the small space to recreate the conditions of the deployment. "I think that made him feel more comfortable," says his mother.

After a special evening filled, Libby woke up and discovered that he had cut his face with a knife. From time to time, it alludes to painful events that led to such extreme behavior: it was time for another soldier, aged 18, died at his side, and once he had killed

William told his mother ". You hate me if you knew what I was doing there, "

"I do not hate you." Re The same person you've always been, "she said.

• "No, Mom," he replied. "The beloved son died there."
• Soldiers
• psychological damage

For

William Nash, a former Navy psychiatrist who led combat stress Marine Corps control program, William Busbee expressions of torment are very familiar. He has worked with hundreds of members of armed forces who have been struggling with suicidal thoughts, at least not when he was sent to Fallujah in Iraq at the height of the war in 2004.

He and his colleagues in military psychiatry have developed the concept of "moral damage" to help understand the current wave of mutilation. Which is defined as "damage to their beliefs about good and evil could be caused by anything done or not done, or something you do for you. - But anyway it breaks the sense of moral certainty. "

they Contrary to popular belief, there are members fear and terror last service on the field of battle inflict more psychological Nash has been completed, but the feelings of shame and guilt in relation to moral damages. Top of the list of these injuries, by far, is when one of their own is killed.

Find best price for : --Phillip----DODSER----Nash----Libby----American----Guardian----William----Busbee--

UN poverty panel meets in Liberia to debate world goals as deadline looms

Meeting in Monrovia, co-chaired by David Cameron, gather different views on the right path of action

organizing debates in a relatively upscale hotel in Monrovia on how the world should abolish absolute poverty by 2030 may seem more surreal side of life, especially as the world is faced with austerity and terrorism.

But the UN high-level panel, including David Cameron made last summer and is in Liberia to try to keep life among the few successful international efforts to fight against poverty : the Millennium Development, which will end in 2015.

Many of these objectives have not been achieved to approach the finish line, but some access to education and improving access to water have been made, sometimes largely due to the economic growth of China and India in the last decade.

There is also a consensus that the eight goals and secondary objectives, concentrated its efforts in the world. Measure things in business, politics and development clarifies the mind. Now, the task now is how to renew, replace and replenish.

Before a report is submitted to the UN at the end of the year, strong arguments should be developed, one of the more ideological disciplines and sometimes abstract.

David Cameron wants the simplicity of the eradication of extreme poverty by 2030, but others would like to see included in income inequality as a way to address the underlying factors underlying that create poverty in the first place, and prevent individuals.

• Some, like Brazil, would like to see more emphasis on sustainability, including environmental issues in the main objectives, but others, such as India and Britain would keep two separate processes. Some European countries would be willing to consider human rights, good governance and democracy as a goal added a suggestion rejected by the Chinese.
• There are also questions as to whether the objectives are universal or whether countries should define different tasks according to their stage of development.

Brendan Cox, Save the Children's advocates at the conference, the panel supports are divided on the objectives of the new framework.

"In our view, the framework can do many things: debates planned, promote regulatory change, begin to redefine development - but at its core must be the elimination of absolute poverty in all But its the same time, because. believe that poverty and ending absolute focus on the poorest populations in the world is the most important, but also because we fear that without clear prioritization of the panel and the frame of the final will be in vain, not priority and can not be more precise. Such a framework would be at 30,000 feet and fight to win purchase policies if I could not even remember. "

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