Alma will give us a glimpse back in time to the beginnings of the universe

The largest astronomical project in the world will see years of dust than 13 billion light years - because it was half a billion years after the Big Bang

These photons. Two main things that determine what can be learned from a set of telescopes, as the new ALMA telescope in Chile. How many photons are gathering, and what is its wavelength?

Alma is important - the largest astronomical project in the world - so you can make a lot of photons. In particular, you can pick up enough to see things that are very small, light sources such as galaxies, stars and billions of light years away cosmic dust. As photons travel at the speed of light, when looking very distant objects are also looking back in time because light takes millions or billions of years to get to you.

ALMA will be able to see the dust that is about 13 billion light years. The universe is about 13.5 billion years, so the powder is "only" about half a billion years after the Big Bang. The world was different then. Well, you can expect to be. Certainly, a 13-year and a half years, is very different from a baby six months old.

At that time, stars or galaxies were "first generation". They were the first nuclear reactor, which jumped and said "Let there be light" in a dark universe. These stars have begun the process of creating heavy elements like iron, and when they died as supernovae ( colossal explosions) that share the goodness around. After the second or third generation stars like our sun, and could start to have planets with iron cores and forms of carbon-based life. Alma is the dust that formed the first stars and galaxies.

• Then the wavelength. This is how we know what stars are. We've never been there to bring bits. We never sent a robot to analyze and tell us. However, atoms and molecules by electrons as there are those who are here on Earth, and jump between energy levels, emitting and absorbing photons-light particles - as they do. These photons have characteristic wavelengths depending on the size of the jump.

models of wavelengths, then we say that atoms and molecules exist there. In fact, the pattern is shifted wavelengths, depending on the speed, which depends on the distance, so it's also a way to work at a distance which is a bit. For example, carbon monoxide is produced in star-forming regions of galaxies, and has a different set of models that will allow Alma to measure the composition and distance of the birthplaces of stars.

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